Checking Unused Working Memory Using Transaction ST06 (Windows NT)

Using the paging mechanism lazy page out (removing the pages that are not in the address area of an active process), Windows NT creates permanently free working memory (see Special Features under Windows NT). Therefore, Transaction ST06 displays a very high value for Physical mem free in comparison to Physical mem avail (see the following graphic). Due to a faulty interpretation, the number of work processes is often increased ("There is still unused working memory available").

Instead of using Transaction ST06, you can also use the menu path:

Tools ® CCMS ® Control/Monitoring ® Performance Menu ® Operating System ® Local ® Activity

Compare the chapter Operating System Monitor: Overview from the CCMS documentation.

A higher Physical mem free-value has no bearing on the memory use of the system (no. 9 in the following graphic). Physical mem free in relation to Physical mem avail is by definition very large (see Windows NT: Paging Mechanism Lazy Page Out).

Memory Pools on AS/400 for SAP Memory Management

If with Transaction ST06 or on the CCMS Alert Monitor you notice a high paging rate in a memory pool, enlarge this pool.

• Machine Pool: This is always system pool 1.

The paging rate should be less than 10 faults per second.

• Other pools: The paging rate should be ideally less than 200 faults per second.

The following example can help you when assessing paging rates in your system:

Faults in the memory pool used by R/3	200 faults per second
Number of active work processes (not the total number of work processes)	10
Average number of faults per work process	20 faults per second
Paging overhead (assumed average response time of the hard disks is 10 millisec.)	200 millisec. per second

This corresponds to a paging overhead of 20%. Do not exceed the 20% limit.

Checking Page Fault Rates for SAP r/3

The following graphic displays the screen for transaction ST06. In the first screen, the current values for Pages in/s and Pages out/s are listed (in the following graphic under the heading Memory ).

To display the selection screen for more detailed information, choose Detail analysis menu. To get a list of the Pages in and Pages out values in the past 24 hours, in the block Previous hour choose Memory. The following screen displays this report.

You can find operating system-dependent checks in the following sections:

UNIX

Windows NT

AS/400

UNIX Checking Page Fault Rates BASIS

Prerequisites

Unlike Windows NT, pages are swapped out to the working memory under UNIX if the space is needed, and then they are overwritten. This swapping out uses up valuable time and performance.

Transaction ST06 displays a small Pages out value and a similar Pages in value in a performing system. The Pages out value is very important when assessing system performance.

Procedure

The following values for Pages in should not be exceeded in the short or long-term.

Value Limit: Pages out under UNIX:

Pages in	Value Limit:
Short-term maximum for Pages in/s (Transaction ST06)	200
Long-term maximum for Pages in/h (Transaction ST06)	600.000

Windows NT Checking Page Fault Rates for SAP R/3

Prerequisites

If the operating system is not occupied with other functions, all the pages in the working memory that are not in the address area of an active work process are swapped out (lazy page out) of the operating system as a preventive measure. If space is then required, the pages already swapped out only have to be deleted.

In a performing system, Transaction ST06 thereby displays a high Pages out value and a small Pages in value in relation. This indicates that many of the swapped out pages were not overwritten and could not be included again through a work process without a page file access. Therefore, only the Pages in value is very important when assessing system performance.

See: Special Features under Windows NT

Procedure

The following values for Pages in should not be exceeded in the short or long-term.

Value Limit: Pages in under Windows NT

Pages in	Value Limit:
Short-term maximum for Pages in/s (Transaction ST06)	200
Long-term maximum for Pages in/h (Transaction ST06)	600.000

A high Pages out value has no bearing on system utilization. Only the Pages in value is used as a measure of system utilization. If the value limits are exceeded, this an indication that the memory capacity of the machine is too small.

AS/400 Checking Page Fault Rates

Prerequisites

If there is data already in main memory, it can be referred to independent of the memory pool in which it is stored. However, if the necessary data is not available in any memory pool, it is brought into the same memory pool as the job that refers to it. (This is described as page faults.) When data is transferred into a memory pool, other data is moved, if it is being changed, and is automatically stored in the auxiliary memory. (This is described as paging.)

Procedure

Under OS/400: Pages in = Pages out.

Since page defaults hinder performance, the memory pool must be large enough to keep paging to an acceptable amount.

Value limits for page faults under OS/400

If in Transaction ST06 or on the CCMS Alert Monitor you notice a high page default rate in a memory pool, enlarge this pool.

Pool	Value Limit:
Machine pool (always system pool 1)	Since the machine pool contains objects used across the whole system, page faults in the machine pool affect all the jobs in the system. For this reason, ensure that the page fault rate is as low as possible in this pool. Value limit: 10 page faults per second
Other pools	For optimum performance, an average rate of 2 page faults per second for each active work process should not be exceeded. The upper limit that should not be exceeded is a rate of 20 page faults per second for each active work process. (see example below)

The following examples can help you when determining page fault rates in your system:

Best Performance:

Number of active work processes: (AS/400 jobs with status RUN)	10
Number of page faults for each active work process	2 faults per second
Permitted	20 page faults per second
Paging overhead for each work process (assumed average response time of the hard disk is 10 millisec.)	20 millisec. per second

This corresponds to a paging overhead of 2%.

Upper Limit

Number of active work processes: (AS/400 jobs with status RUN)	10
Number of page faults for each active work process	20 faults per second
Permitted	200 page faults per second
Paging overhead for each work process (assumed average response time of the hard disk is 10 millisec.)	200 millisec. per second

This corresponds to a paging overhead of 20%. The 20% limit should not be exceeded.

Monitoring the Status of SAP R/3 BASIS

By using the following tools, you can monitor how the memory resources are used within the R/3 System:

• Transaction ST06 or the CCMS Alert Monitor: For monitoring the available swap space in the host system.

Guidelines: If the available swap space is less than 200 MB, increase the swap space (virtual memory paging file under Windows NT).

Examples:

Checking Unused Working Memory using Transaction ST06

AS/400: When you determine the relevant paging activities of the operating system with Transaction ST06, enlarge the corresponding memory pool. See AS/400.

• Tune Summary in the CCMS (Transaction ST02): The current status and the memory resource usage for a specific R/3 application server are displayed here.

Examples:

Checking Roll /Paging Area and Extended Memory using Transaction ST02

• Summary of the Performance Analysis (Transaction STAT): The performance statistics for a detailed analysis of memory usage and performance are chosen and displayed here.
• Workload Analysis (Transaction ST03): For example, the application server performance for the memory usage is analyzed here, among other criteria.
• Overview of Users (Transaction SM04): To display the memory amount and type reserved by the user contexts of all users for a specific R/3 application server, choose Tools ® Administration ® Monitor ® System monitoring ® User overview and then choose Goto ® Memory.
• CCMS Control Panel (Transaction RZ03): To display the memory resource usage for all R/3 application servers, choose Tools ® CCMS ® Control/Monitoring ® Control panel ® Edit ® Other views ®Memory management.

Using Transaction RZ03, you can determine how much Extended Memory your server allocates. The peak value under Memory management displays the high water mark (maximum allocation) for Extended Memory.

Examples:

Overview of All Application Servers using Transaction RZ03

• Work Process Overview (Transactions SM50 and SM51): To display the memory resource usage foe a specific work process, choose Tools ® Administration ® Monitor ® System monitor ® Process overview. Then select an entry and choose Goto ® Detail info.

By monitoring work processes in the R/3 System (Transaction SM50) or from outside the system (dpmon), you can determine the status of the work processes in relation to the PRIV mode. If work processes are often switched to the PRIV mode, you must increase the Extended Memory and/or adjust the limit for the Extended Memory. In this case, you must consult with SAP.

You can evaluate this information for all the work processes by using Transaction SM66.

For more information on this topic, read the CCMS documentation. CCMS: Overview

Checking Roll /Paging Area and Extended Memory using Transaction ST02 for SAP R/3

You can use Transaction ST02 to check if the buffers from the roll and paging areas are the same size as the paging files. By comparing the values under Max. use, you can check if the buffer size is large enough.

You can determine from the row Extended Memory that the R/3 Extended Memory is sufficiently large. The value Max. use is, in this example, noticeably smaller than the created memory area (In memory). If both values are identical, you must increase the extended memory (profile parameter: em/initial_size_MB).

Overview of All Application Servers for SAP R/3

Transaction RZ03 (CCMS Control Panel) gives you an overview of all the application servers in a distributed system. The system administrator can use this overview to decide which application server has to be analyzed more closely.

To display the memory usage of the application servers, choose Edit ® Other views ® Memory management ® Absolute values.

In the first four columns, the list displays the usage of the Extended Memory for the individual application servers. If the value Peak used reaches the value of Total, the memory management of the application server must be better configured. Servers beginning with "hs" are UNIX machines and Servers beginning with "pn" are Windows NT machines.

Profile Parameters of SAP R/3 Memory Management

An overview of the memory management parameters will be shown in the following sections.

A description of the parameter always follows the unit in which it is specified, the default value and a proposed value. The default value usually is based on a minimal value, therefore for very small R/3 installations (see Application Servers with Up to 15 Users), the proposed value is based on a midsize to large installation (see Application Servers with Up to 50 Users and Application Servers with Over 50 Users).

The specified default values and proposed values are based on UNIX systems; under Windows NT, the parameter setting is explained in the unit Parameter Overview for Windows NT.

Controlling Memory Management

abap/heaplimit: Work Process Startup

Memory Management Resources

ztta/roll_extension: Extended Memory Limit

abap/heap_area_dia: Heap Memory Limit for Dialog Work Processes

abap/heap_area_nondia: Heap Memory Limit for Non-Dialog Work Processes

abap/heap_area_total: Heap Memory Limit

Memory Management Limitations

em/initial_size_MB: Extended Memory Pool Size

rdisp/ROLL_SHM: Roll Buffer Size

rdisp/ROLL_MAXFS: Maximum Roll File Size

rdisp/PG_SHM: Paging Buffer Size

rdisp/PG_MAXFS: Maximum Size of the R/3 Paging File

ztta/roll_area: Roll Area

ztta/roll_first: Initial Allocation Size from the Roll Area

em/blocksize_KB: Segment Size for the Extended Memory

Memory Management Statistics

em/stat_log_size_MB: Statistics - User Context Size

em/stat_log_timeout: Statistics - User Context Size

Look at the unit that corresponds to your platform on configuring the memory management system:

Configuration for UNIX / Windows NT

Configuration for AIX

AS/400 Configuration

Memory Management under Windows NT

SAP Changing the Size of the Roll and Paging Buffers (only UNIX / NT)

If the CCMS Alert Monitor or Transaction ST06 (see Monitoring the Status of the R/3 System) displays a high paging rate for the operating system, decrease the size of the roll and paging buffers (only Windows NT and UNIX). In the profile management of the CCMS, set the profile parameters rdisp/ROLL_SHM and rdisp/PG_SHM to 0. You must change the profiles used by the R/3 application servers on the relevant host system.

If free memory is available even during heavy system usage, or if there is only low paging activity, you can increase the size of the roll and paging buffers. This decreases the accesses to the hard disk caused by rolling and paging.

SAP Preventing Swap Space Bottlenecks (only UNIX /NT)

By using the following parameters, you can limit the maximum use of the process-specific memory. This in turn limits the maximum use of swap space by an R/3 application server.

Consider the following parameters:

Parameter	Limits the amount of process-specific memory used...
abap/heap_area_dia	...by any particular dialog work process
abap/heap_area_nondia	... by any particular non-dialog work process (background, spool, etc.)
abap/heap_area_total	...by an R/3 application server -- all dialog and non-dialog work processes

You can find more information on the functions of these parameters under Limits for Allocating Heap Memory in Functions of the R/3 Memory Management System.

Normally, only background work processes use a large amount of swap space.

Dialog processes do not usually use a lot of swap space, as long as the following conditions apply:

• The R/3 Extended Memory is not used up (set with parameter
em/initial_size_MB); and
• Not many of the user contexts have exceeded the upper limit for using the Extended Memory (set with parameter
ztta/roll_extension).

The following generally applies: The more main memory that an application server has, the better the performance.

Insufficient Swap Space Already at System Startup

Symptom: Error messages in the trace files dev_disp, dev_w, where the texts ShmCreate, not enough core, PXA_NO_MEMORY, etc. appear.

Help: Preventing Swap Space Bottlenecks (only UNIX /NT) or decrease extended memory and/or increase main memory.

SAP Start or Enqueue Problems or No Connection to Program SAPOSCOL under IBM AIX

Help: These symptoms can occur if the maximum number of 10 shared memory descriptors is exceeded. You can find more detailed information under Shared Memory IDs under IBM AIX or in the OSS system in Note 28992.

Swap Space Bottlenecks During SAP R/3 Operation

Symptom:

Various error messages that refer to memory bottlenecks (a swap space bottleneck), for example: System Panic; cmemreserve: reservation overrun; ENOMEM, Not enough core; ENOSPC, No space left on device; SIGDANGER (only under AIX). In the R/3 System, the R/3 system log message "no memory of class perm" is output.

This problem can occur with R/3 processes and external processes as well. The relevant process cannot allocate anymore heap memory. This can lead to the database operation being ended or R/3 work processes being stopped.

In the R/3 System, error messages appear in the developer trace files dev_disp, dev_w, in the system log and in dumps. The following messages may appear: TSV_TNEW_; _NO_ROLL_MEMORY; NO_MEM; NO_MEMORY; RESIZE_EM_ALLOC_ERROR, Storage class PERM.

This problem mostly occurs if background jobs are active with large amounts of data.

Possible Causes

• There is no more swap space available (see
Alert Monitor).
• The highest value for one of the R/3 profile parameters that limit the swap space usage has been exceeded. In this case, the following parameters are relevant:
abap/heap_area_dia, abap/heap_area_nondia and abap/heap_area_total.
• The operating system limits for the process size (segment size) have been exceeded. Under AIX, no more than 256 MB can be allocated and under SINIX no more than 384 MB can be allocated.

Corrective action

Increase the swap space or decrease the R/3 Extended Memory. If the swap space already corresponds to the SAP recommendations, 1.5 to 2 GB may still be required. There should always be several hundred MB of free swap space available. You can reduce the maximum swap space need of the R/3 System by reducing the value of parameter abap_heap_area_total. For more detailed information, see Monitoring the Memory Management System.

You can also distribute the load onto several application servers and increase the roll area. Check if the maximum process size (operating system parameters) is sufficient.

SAP Background Jobs or Update Process Canceled due to Insufficient Swap Space

Symptom

Error messages in the trace files dev_w, where the texts malloc failed, rstg PERM, etc., appears, especially if the background jobs are active with large amounts of data.

Corrective action

Increase the swap space or decrease the R/3 Extended Memory.

If necessary, increase the roll area.

Check if the maximum process size (operating system parameter) is sufficient.

See: Swap Space Bottleneck During R/3 Operation

Background Processing Problems due to Segment Size Limitations, Especially in OS IBM AIX

Symptom

Under AIX, the heap memory may not exceed 256 MB. Extensive background processing jobs that exceed this limit may allocate R/3 Extended Memory; however, the Extended Memory may be used up.

Corrective action

Try to solve the problem using the following procedures. Note the sequence they are given in. If the problem cannot be corrected with one of these procedures, try the next procedure.

• For reports started in the background, use more restrictive selection criteria to process smaller amounts of data.

Memory Allocation Problems under OSF/1 from DEC

Symptom

Under the operating system OSF/1 from Digital Equipment Corporation, and under UNIX operating systems (64-bit), R/3 processes with the following error message are canceled: mprotect failed, rc = 12 error code ENOMEN (not enough core)

Corrective action

The cause of the problem may be that the value of the OSF/1 kernel parameter VPAGEMAX has not been increased. You must increase this parameter value so that the SAP memory management system can be used.

You can find detailed information on increasing the parameter VPAGEMAX under OSF/1 in the R/3 installation guide OS Dependencies. You receive this document with all R/3 installation and upgrade packages.

You can find additional information on VPAGEMAX in the man-page mprotect under OSF/1, return code ENOMEN.

The value for VPAGEMAX is calculated in the following way: The sum of values for all R/3 system profile parameters em/initial_size_MB on all R/3 application servers of the host system divided by its page size:

S (initial_size_MB of all R/3 servers)/page size

Slow Response Times on the R/3 Application and Operating System Level

Symptom

There is heavy operating system paging, especially page out, and high swap rates.

Corrective action

Increase the main memory or roll area.

SAP Slow Response Times for certain Users, Very Good Response Times for other Users

Requirements

The R/3 Extended Memory is completely filled; dialog work processes are switched to PRIV mode.

Procedure

Use Transaction SM50 to determine the work processes in the PRIV mode.

Possible causes /Corrective action

• No more R/3 Extended Memory is available.

In this example, work processes 5 and 6 cannot allocate any more Extended Memory because the pool is used up, although its limit for ztta/roll_extension would still allow Extended Memory. They switch into PRIV mode prematurely (see Allocating Memory for User Contexts)

Action:

Increase the R/3 Extended Memory pool ( em/initial_size_MB: Extended Memory Pool Size) to prevent the work processes from being switched to PRIV mode.

• The limit for the Extended Memory is too low for most user contexts (set with parameter
ztta/roll_extension). Many contexts allocate heap memory and switch to PRIV mode.

Action:

Increase the limit for the Extended Memory using ztta/roll_extension.

• The limit for the Extended Memory for one user context (ztta/roll_extension) is too high. A few user contexts can completely fill the entire Extended Memory, whereby other processes are switched into PRIV mode before the limit is reached.

Decrease the limit for the Extended Memory (set with parameter ztta/roll_extension), or increase the Extended Memory (see ztta/roll_extension).

How to view locked Users in Sap BASIS

To view locked users in sap

1) Call transaction su10
Click on authorization data and scroll down
check the locked users only field as shown in figure and execute (F8).

2) Call transaction sa38 and run the program RSUSR006 . You will get a list of locked users.
3) Goto transaction ewz5 you will get users with locked status
4) Run report EWULKUSR in transaction sa38 to get the list.
5) Call transaction SUIM , goto
a) authorizations > User > User by complex search criteria >List of User Master
Records Locked Due to Incorrect Logon
or
b) user > unsuccessful logons
6) Call transaction S_BCE_68001402

How to Lock or Unlock a client In sap BASIS

To lock or unlock a client in R/3 System, run the following function modules in transaction se37

1. SSCR_LOCK_CLIENT ( to lock the client)
2. SSCR_UNLOCK_CLIENT (to unlock the client)

Run these functions with a client input which is to be locked/unlocked. This function set flag '' Client is locked temporarily for client copy" in client maintenance menu.The client will be available for users DDIC and SAP*. If any other user tries to login, system gives message that ' Client locked temporarily'.


To unlock the client

1. Run transaction SE37
2. Enter the function module as SSCR_UNLOCK_CLIENT
3. press F8 or test run (single run).
4. Specify the client and execute(F8).

Follow similar procedure for locking the client

BASIS How to view Locked Transaction codes IN SAP

Goto transaction se11 or se16 and view the table TSTC, the field is CINFO. Enter "A0" as the "HEX01 data element for SYST" starting value and "A9" as the ending value. Instead of doing such cumbersome viewing of table, you can run ABAP report rsauditc to view locked transactions. Use t-code sm01 to lock/unlock the codes

Thai Language pack for SAP BASIS

Thai Language pack for SAP

We are going to install SAP for the users in Bangkok. Therefore, we need cater for the Thai language.
Would be very grateful if anyone can gimme some instructions on how to install the Thai language pack into SAP.

Sharon

I’m working in Bkk & have install Thai Language on SAP v4.70.

Here’s what u need & do:

- Need CD SAP R/3 Enterprise (Asia Language – DE, EN, TH ).

Language Installation steps (make sure all Support Packages up to date)

1. /nSMLT
Select from menu LANGUAGE -> CLASSIFY
Language = Thai
Supplementation Language = English (please note this only allow to set ONCE ONLY!!)
click SAVE disk icon

highlight THAI then select LANGUAGE -> IMPORT PACKAGE
Language = Thai
Path = (the CD above, must be UNIX path if backend is UNIX server!)

2. /nRZ10
Profile = select INSTANCE PROFILE
Click EXTENDED MAINTENANCE
-> then click CHANGE
-> click PARAMETER button at top bar
set install/codepage/appl_server = 8600 (note: 86=Thai, 00=English)

3. /nSE38
execute Program = RSCPINST -> click execute icon
under Enter Languages -> remove German(DE) & add Thai (TH) {please note ONLY allow TWO languages max)
click SIMULATE button at top bar (this will tell you if any errors, example Code Page not match)
If simulate OK then click ACTIVATE button on top bar.

FINISH – your language is installed & activated!!!!!!!

I hope I have not missed anything, let me know if you have problems.

Good luck!

Suspend/UnSuspend Released ABAP Jobs BASIS

Suspend/UnSuspend Released ABAP Jobs

BTCTRNS1 - Suspend all Released Jobs
Released Jobs will have the status Released/Susp. in transaction SM37.

BTCTRNS2 - Reverse Suspend for all Released Jobs

What Is The Job Name EU_REORG Meant?

What Is The Job Name EU_REORG Meant?

OSS is your friend - see note 18023:

1. When starting Transaction SE80 for the first time, the three EU jobs are scheduled automatically: EU_INIT (single start), EU_REORG (periodically each night), and EU_PUT (periodically each night).

Alternatively,those three EU jobs can also be scheduled by manually executing program SAPRSEUJ.

Shortdescription of the individual jobs:

EU_INIT:

EU_INIT serves for completely rebuilding the indices and therefore has a correspondingly long runtime. It starts program SAPRSEUI. All customer-defined programs (selection according to the name ranges) are analyzed, and an index is created that is used in the DW for the where-used lists for function modules, error messages, reports, etc.

Starting in Release 2.1, this index is automatically updated online. The job can be repeated at any time. After a termination, the job is automatically scheduled for the next day; it then starts at the point oftermination. (EU_INIT can therefore be terminated deliberately, if it disturbsother activities in the system.)

EU_REORG:

As mentioned above, the indices are automatically updated online by the tools. To keep the effort for updating these indices as low as possible, only the changes are logged, which means a reorganization of the complete index for each program is required from time to time. To avoid having this reorganization interfere with online work, job EU_REORG runs every night and performs this task. If job EU_REORG did not run one night, this simply means that thereorganization takes place more often online.

BASIS Understanding SAP ITS - Internet Transaction Server

Understanding SAP ITS - Internet Transaction Server

The SAP Internet Transaction Server (ITS) is the essential link between the SAP R/3 system and the Internet. It enables Internet (and Intranet) users to communicate directly between R/3 system to run R/e transactions, remote enabled function modules and reports as Internet applications components. The ITS is one of the cornerstones of SAP's mySAP.com offerings and strategy and integrated into the SAP 6.10 Web Application Server release. The ITS is the key technology behind the following products: Workplace, Employee Self-Service (ESS), Enterprise Buyer Professional (EBP), BW 2.0 Interface, Online Store and Retail Store, and the APO Interface. There are many other SAP products and applications that are based on ITS technology to interface from the Web to SAP R/3.

SAP ITS can handle complementary Web technologies to access data from SAP R/3:

- SAP GUI for Html: SAP transaction screens are dynamically converted to HTML pages

- Web transactions: SAP transactions that can be called from an HTML page (template based mode)

- Web remote function call (RFC): SAP R/3 function module that can be called from an HTML page

- Web reporting: Mechanism for linking to SAP reports and regenerated lists from an HTML page. Web reporting is implemented as a special-case RFC.

- ITS Flow Logic: Events, statuses, and modes used to model the dialog logic of a Web application in "flow files" on the SAP ITS.

SAP R/3 data is accessed via BAPI or RFC. Access to external data providers is also possible.

SAP's Internet applications are known as Internet Application Components (IAC) or Easy Web Transactions (EWT). Both are complete business solutions that allow Internet and Intranet users to access business information in the SAP R/3 system by starting transactions, function modules, and reports from a Web browser. All IACs or EWTs are based on a common infrastructure consisting of two essential components.

SAP Internet Transaction Server (ITS) - The ITS is the interface between the Internet and R/3 and is the runtime engine that links Web server to the R/3 Application server.

ABAP workbench tool - Web Application Builder and/or SAP@Web Studio - WAB is an R/3 ABAP workbench tool and SAP@Web Studio is a PC tool for creating, modifying and managing all ITS objects on which IACs or EWTs are based. These objects include service files, HTML Templates and HTRC language resource files.

The ITS solution to developing Internet applications is based on the premise that there is already a suitable business application solution, which has a stock of transactions, function modules and reports, as well as its own integrated development environment. All that is needed to enable Internet users to access and run these applications is an interface to the Internet. Apart from the general advantages derived from making SAP R/3 business information available over the internet, the ITS solution has many benefits.

These include:

• Ease of development - Programmers can develop IACsEWTs using a business application system (R/3), development environment (ABAP Workbench) and a programming language (ABAP), with which they are already familiar. There is also integrated data dictionary support from the ABAP Dictionary and appropriate transaction handling.
• Ease of deployment - The ITS solution supports internationalization of applications.
• Ease of use - ITS based IACs and EWTs have the same look and feel as any other Web site.

The separation of programming tasks from the visual design aspects is desirable, because both require different skills. In the ITS scenario, the ABAP programmer develops the application in ABAP using the ABAP Workbench in the SAP R/3 system and the user interface specialist handles the design and navigation aspects of the application with design languages like HTML and SAP's HTML Business in either the SAP@Web studio or ABAP Workbench tool, Web Application Builder. The aim is to create applications that send documents back to the Web browser client in plain HTML format, since this format can be handled by all major browsers. This is important in an environment like the Internet where there is often little control you can exert over client software such as Web browsers. Fit can be controlled; you can also use Dynamic HTML, Java applets, JavaScript, and VBScript in you HTML templates, because the script language is transparent to the ITS.

How does the SAP ITS work? BASIS

How does the SAP ITS work?

When an Internet user requests an ITS service by clicking on a URL hyperlink or keying in a URL address in a Web browser to run a IACEWT, the request is processed as follows:

1. The Web browser passes the request to the Web server.

2. The Web server calls the server-specific ITS extension WGate - WGate is the link between the ITS and the Web server. WGate is a Web server extension that encapsulates the various supported HTTP server interfaces such as: CGI (Common Gateway Interface), NSAPI (Netscape Server Application Programming Interface), ISAPI (Internet Server Application Programming Interface) in a transparent manner that passes the requested data to the ITS AGate component.

3. WGate forwards the request to the ITS server process called AGate (which may or may not reside on the same machine.)

4. AGate is the link between the ITS and the SAP R3 application server. AGate is the core processing component of the ITS. It receives Web browser request from WGate and communicates with the SAP R3 application server via the DIAG or RFC protocol.

5. AGate then processes the requests, and sends all relevant details (including logon information) to the SAP R3 system, which either starts the first dialog step of a new transaction of submits further data for the next dialog step of a transaction already started.

6. SAP R3 starts the transaction for the service requested and sends the screen output to AGate.

7. When the dialog step has finished, AGate retrieves the result from SAP R3, and is responsible for session management, including mapping of SAP R3 screen or function modules to HTML, web session timeout handling, SAP R3 connection management and generation of HTML documents that are sent back to the Web browser client.

8. AGate forwards the formatted HTML page to WGate.

9. WGate forwards the formatted HTML page to the Web server.

10. The Web server sends the formatted HTML page to the Web browser, where it can be viewed by the user.

The ITS is downward compatible, therefore the ITS release must be the same or higher than the SAP R/3 kernel release.

There are three restrictions to this approach:

1. The SAP R3 release must be at least version 3.1I or higher.

2. You can only use those Internet Application Components that were shipped with the SAP R3 release you are using.

3. ITS 6.10 should only be installed in front of an SAP E3 kernel release 6.10 (e.g. CRM 3.0)

*** ITS 4.6D Server Platforms *** >>Wgate
Microsoft NT 4.0 Server
Microsoft Web Server (ISAPI)
Netscape Web Server (NASPI)
Apache HTTP Server (Apache Module)
Any CGI Web Server (CGI)
Microsoft windows 2000 Server
Microsoft Web Server (ISAPI)
Linux/Intel
Apache HTTP Server (Apache Module)

>>Agate
Microsoft NT4.0 Server
Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
SAP@Web Studio
Microsoft NT 4.0 Workstation
Microsoft Windows 2000 Workstation

*** ITS 6.10 Server Platforms ***

>>Wgate
Microsoft NT 4.0 Server
Microsoft Web Server (ISAPI)
Netscape Web Server (NASPI)
Apache HTTP Server (Apache Module)
Any CGI Web Server (CGI)
Microsoft windows 2000 Server
Microsoft Web Server (ISAPI)
Microsoft XP Server
Linux/Intel
Apache HTTP Server (Apache Module)

>>Agate
Microsoft NT4.0 Server
Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
Microsoft XP Server
SAP@Web Studio
Microsoft NT 4.0 Workstation
Microsoft Windows 2000 Workstation
Microsoft XP Server

Evaluate ITS Server Speed issues Basis

Evaluate ITS Server Speed issues

You have 10 users accessing sap via an ITS server (6.20) and it is soooo slow !!! access via sapgui is fast - any ideas what to look for ??

We tested several options for deploying the SAPGUI :-

Tivoli packages
ITS
Citrix MF XP

Tivoli was already built and in house so all we had to do was create a SAPGUI package and deploy it to the field (3000+ users) - pain in the butt because we had to find out all the users workstation id's for the users in 900+ locations. So far we have deployed 35% and our Go-live is 10/01!

ITS - We had an ITS consultant come in and review our setup. We were able to enhance the performance to some extent (20%). But, that was still unacceptable in comparison to the WINGUI that the users are now accustomed to. In short, we scraped the ITS project because of the problems with latency/performance. Our connection between our test locations and the Data Center was 100MB. The other locations were 10MB.

ITS Tuning in relating to performance of the ITS Server

1. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\SAP\ITS\2.0\\Programs\SAPjulep\StaticTemplats
To simulate the test, the parameter for Static Templates was changed from 0 to 1

Recommendation : Development system = 0 ; Production System = 1

2. ITS Parameters / Recommended / Ours

a) Worktreads and Sessions
MaxSessions 400 400
MaxWorkThreads 64 40 (can be reduced)
MinWorkThreads 64 40 (can be reduced)

b) Caching
Caching 1 1
CacheSize 16384 16384
FileSize 1048576 1048576
TimeToLive 31 31
StaticTemplates 1 0
CacheInvalidateHour
CacheInvalidateMinute
Staticflows 1
ProductionMode 1 0
StaticBor 1 0

c) Timeout Parameters
TimeoutPercentage 75 75

d) Debugging Parameters
~rfcDebuggingOn 0 0
~rfcTraceOn 0 0
AdminEnabled 0 0
localTraceLevel 0 0
SAPDebuggerDelay

e) Miscellaneous
MinRespSize 32768 32768
MaxRespSize 2097152 2097152
MaxServiceContextSize 20480 20480
~http_compress_level 7 7
~http_use_compression 1 1

2. Load Balancing and Multiple Agates
IncAGates 1 (Do not modify this value.)
MinAGates (Do not modify this value.)
MaxAgates (Do not modify this value.)
IncWorkThreads 1

3. Windows Environment Settings

4. SAP R/3 Parameters
rdisp/gui_auto_logout >= ~userTimeout

3. Check the following internet option settings.
Under "Advanced", make sure both HTTP 1.1 settings are on
Under "Security", "Custom Level" under the point "micellaneous" make sure these are ENABLE:

a) access the data sources across domains
b) Launch programs and files in IFRAME
c) Migrate sub-frames across different domains

4 Verify Compression. These values were changed in the global.srvc file
~http_use_compression 1
To increase the transmission speed and reduce the overall network load we reduce the size of the data sent from the server to the web browser by using compression. The values are 0 to disable compression and 1 to enable compression.

~http_compress_level 7
The compress level can be set between 1- 9 where 1 is the lowest compression level and 9 is the highest. The higher the value set for ~http_compress_level, the better the compression achieved.

The Level 1 achieves the lowest compression level/ fastest procession speed and Level 9 achieves the highest compression level/slowest procession speed

5 ~navigationenabled : Enables / Disables Drag & Relate functionality in the SAP GUI for HTML.
Using Drag & Relate in the SAP GUI for HTML requires a callback from the R/3 System for nearly every request / response cycle. This is an unnecessary overhead for many applications. Hence we disable Drag&Relate by setting this parameter to 0 in the webgui.srvc file on the Agate.

Citrix proved to be just too expensive an option for right now. The SAP 4.6d protocol proved to be quite thin, with the bandwidth requirements tracking only slightly greater than ICA. However, on a number of occasions over the test period, it was observed that SAP could demand a considerable amount of bandwidth for short bursts. This traffic was primarily outbound, targeted at port 4803. However, even with the thin nature of SAP, ICA still provided a bandwidth advantage.

To better understand this and develop conservative figures, a trend analysis of the data was performed. This analysis allowed for a weighted smoothing of the statistics, lessening the impact of the burst type activities. Based on the trend figures, the following observations where made:
SAP showed an overall Kbps trend average of 2.5 Kbps
ICA showed an overall Kbps trend average of 1.7 Kbps

Overall, ICA showed a 30% improvement in bandwidth utilization when compared to SAP, based on the trend analysis of the data. This margin jumps to almost 70% when averages are analyzed.
The maximum SAP burst activity exceeded the maximum ICA burst activity by 70%.
Both SAP and ICA displayed extremely limited network utilization. Over extended periods, ICA displayed consistently low inbound traffic, trending towards .8

If all you have is 10 users, what's wrong with deploying the SAPGUI?

The ITS environment was initially created with very minimal customized configurations (2 servers Dell 2650's). Most ITS performance parameters were accepted as default. We tested over dual T1's (1.5MB) as well as Ethernet 10/100MB max.

For each request by the webserver, a separate request is made to the backend - so what you get is a constant request/send, even though each one is milliseconds adding hundreds of requests through the WGate to AGate to R/3 you can see there just isn't much you can do to improve the speed.

To help diagnose the network or measure network metrics, we used a program from SAP called “NIPING”. Niping is a test program for the network interfaces (NI) layer. It provides connection and performance test with the same mechanisms that the SAPGUI uses. To test the network, the niping tool runs a continuous test. It generate and evaluate a network trace simultaneously from the ITS server and the front end. We ran several niping tests and the following results were produced.

Since the communication between the client and the Web servers is over the HTTP protocol, SAP-ITS also makes the SAP transactions accessible to distant locations via the Internet, enterprise networks, and virtual private networks. These networks are typically very complex and have many users. As the distance between the nodes and the complexity of the network increase, application performance becomes an important issue. The performance of a network depends mainly on two
different factors - the bandwidth (throughput) and the latency (delay).

Bandwidth is the most commonly known factor affecting performance of a network. Network bandwidth defines the amount of data that can be transferred at a given time. Networks with higher bandwidth provide better performance.

The second factor relating to performance of a network is latency. Latency can be defined as the delay in processing data within the network. A network with lower latency performs better than a network with high latency.

In addition to the individual effects on bandwidth and latency within the network, their combination can also affect the quality of communication, hence determining the overall network performance (network speed).

SAP BC Certification - Is It Worth Getting Certified

Do you think it is worth getting certified? How many test are required for the basis certification? Is it required to take classes or can I study on my own?

Now days there's so many choices. Start at http://www.sap.com/services/education/index.epx, pick your country and select Certification Program.

If you've got enough years of experience I don't think certification would make much difference to a full time job.

But if you're a contractor, I could see it highly worthwhile. Upgrades / Migrations have to have certified Basis Consultant.

Do you require training to attend certification?

I have done certification in the month of FEB 2003. I took training also.

If you ask me the question - Do you require training to attend certification? I will ask you following questions-

1. Do you have time to attend the course in the first place?
2. Do you want to inform outside world that you want to prove yourself? Coz, World listen you when you are certified. No matter how bad your skills are.
3. Do not want to take chances?
4. Invest money? Remember I am using word invest money? Investment is always linked with expectations of future higher returns?
5. Can keep job and other onhand tasks away for the training time? In otherwords have difficulty to free yourself and so the best choice is making yourself free by attending course would help?
6. Want to know in and out of SAP? Coz course would try to give you the behind picture in depth (practically may not be possible but may be true to some extent)
7. Conceptually weak in many of the aspects of basis?

If your answer is "YES" then better take course before writing exam?

Esp. in IT, you learn faster when someone guide you rather than you do self study. Of course with Basis certification you need both as time is limited. Also you may have to fight for best tutor (remember).

There are pros and cons. You are the better judge. If you can give more valid reasons for the choice you made. Go ahead. Sure you will win. Most important is committment.

SAP Basis Certification Sample Questions

Caution: more than one answer may be correct.
Please mark ALL correct answers.

Question:
When creating a logon group for Logon Load Balancing, which of the following CANNOT be specified?

A. Maximum allowable response time.
B. Maximum number of users who may be logged on to the instance.
C. Name of the instance defined for the logon group.
D. Maximum number of sessions per user.
E. Name of the logon group

Question:
Which R/3 System user is used for starting external programs using SAP background jobs?

A. DDIC
B. SAP*
C. SAPR3
D. SAPCPIC
E. adm

Question:
Name the R/3 System transaction used for mointoring a spool requests.

A. SM50
B. SM51
C. SPAD
D. SP01
E. SM37

Question:
Which of the following is authorized to maintain R/3 user id parameters?

A. Only the R/3 system administrator.
B. All R/3 users having an account in the same R/3 client.
C. Only the user himself.
D. Only the R/3 system administrator and the user.

Question:
Given a LAN with an R/3 Central Instance with database (Node: host1, Instance Name:DVEBMGS01, SAPSID:C11), and R/3 Dialog Instance (Node: host2), and several R/3 Frontend PC's what is the name of the profile where the SAPDBHOST parameter is defined?

A. C11_DVEBMGS00_host1
B. The SAPDBHOST parameter is defined in the database startup profile.
C. TEMU.PFL
D. DEFAULT.PFL
E. START_DVEBMGS01_host1

Question:
Given and R/3 Central Instance with all services installed, using Instance ID01, and having the SAP ID of C11. What is the name of the directory where the work process trace files are written (for Windows NT replace the "/" with "\")?

A. /usr/sap/C11/DVEBMGS01/data
B. /usr/sap/C11/DVEBMGS01/log
C. /usr/sap/C11/DVEBMGS01/work
D. The trace files are written in internal database tables.
E. The trace files are written in the home directory of the database.

Question:
Which of the following functions is NOT possible using the SAP Online Service System (OSS)?

A. Execute online searches for R/3 Notes.
B. Register problems with the SAP Hotline.
C. Lookup SAP training dates and course offerings.
D. Register changes to SAP objects.
E. Apply for official Internet address from SAP.

Interview Questions for SAP Basis

What is private mode? When does user switch to user mode?

Private mode is a mode where the heap data is getting exclusively allocated by the user and is no more shared across the system. This happens when your extended memory is exhausted.

What is osp$ mean? What if user is given with this authorisation?

OPS$ is the mechanism the adm users uses to connect to the database .

Why do you use DDIC user not SAP* for Support Packs and SPam?

Do _NOT_ use neither DDIC nor SAP* for applying support packages. Copy DDIC to a separate user and use that user to apply them.

Can you kill a Job?

Yes - SM37 - select - kill

If you have a long running Job, how do you analyse?

Use transaction SE30.

How to uncar car/sar files in a single shot?

on Unix:
$ for i in *.SAR; do SAPCAR -xvf $i; done

When we should use Transactional RFC ?

A "transactional RFC" means, that either both parties agree that the data was correctly transfered - or not. There is no "half data transfer".

What is the use of Trusted system. I know that there is no need of UID and PWD to communicate with partner system. In what situation it is good to go for Trusted system ?

E. g. if you have an R/3 system and a BW system and don't want to maintain passwords. Same goes for CRM and a lot of other systems/applications.

Let me know if my understanding below is correct:
1) By default the RFC destination is synchronous
2) Asynchronous RFC is used incase if the system initiated the RFC call no need to wait for the response before it proceeds to something else.

Yes - that's right.

But keep in mind, that it's not only a technical issue whether to switch to asynchronous. The application must also be able to handle that correctly.

Which table contains the details related to Q defined in SPAM? Is there a way to revert back the Q defined? If yes, How?

There is a "delete" button when you define the queue. If you already started the import it's no more possible since the system will become inconsistent.

What is a developer key? and how to generate a developer key?

The developer key is a combination of you installation number, your license key (that you get from http://service.sap.com/licensekey) and the user name. You need this for each person that will make changes (Dictionary or programs) in the system.

What is XI3.0 ? EXPLAIN XI = Exchange Infrastructure - Part of Netweaver 2004.

SAP Exchange Infrastructure (SAP XI) is SAP's enterprise application integration (EAI) software, a component of the NetWeaver product group used to facilitate the exchange of information among a company's internal software and systems and those of external parties. Like other NetWeaver components, SAP XI is compatible with software products of other
companies.

SAP calls XI an integration broker because it mediates between entities with varying requirements in terms of connectivity, format, and protocols. According to SAP, XI reduces integration costs by providing a common repository for interfaces. The central component of SAP XI is the SAP Integration Server, which facilitates interaction between diverse operating systems and applications across internal and external networked computer systems.

How to see when were the optimizer stats last time run? We are using win2k, oracle 9, sapr346c.

Assumed DB=Oracle

Select any table lets take MARA here but you should do the same for MSEG and few others to see whether the dates match or not.Run the following command on the command prompt:-

select last_analyzed from dba_tables where table_name like '%MARA%';

This gives you a straight answer .Else you can always fish around in DB14 for seeing when the optimzer stats were updated.

SAP Administration Questions Answers

What is the use of profile paramater ztta/roll_area?

The value specifies the size of the roll area in bytes. The roll area is one of several memory areas, which satisfies the user requests of user programs. For technical reasons, however, the first 250 KB or so of a user context are always stored in the roll area, further data
- up to the roll area limit ztta/roll_first,
- in the extended memory, up to the limit ztta/roll_extension or if extended memory is exhausted, then
- again in the roll area, until the roll area is full, then
- in the local process area, up to the limit abap/heap_area_dia or abap/heap_area_total or until the address space or the
swap space is exhausted.

Followed by termination with errors like STORAGE_PARAMETERS_WRONG_SET an error code, that points to memory bottleneck Minimum data transfer with context change; however, the increase helps to avoid problems (address space, swap space, operating system paging).

What is R/3? and what is basis version?

SAP Basis:
- Provides the runtime environment for all SAP applications
- Optimally embeds the application in the system environment
- Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
- Contains the tools for administering the entire system
- Allows the distribution of resources and system components
- Provides interfaces for decentralized system parts and external products.

An R/3 instance is a group of R/3 services that are started and stopped as a unit (by an R/3 dispatcher) and have a common instance profile. The name of an R/3 instance is composed of letters standing for the relevant services, and an instance number which is unique for each computer. The services may be D, V, E, B, M, G, or S, which respectively stand for dialogue, update, enqueue, background, message, gateway, and spool services.

Tips by : Suresh Babu

I would like to know the version or name of SAP that is implemented in real time?

This is a very generic question and really depends on what you are implementing (modules).

The history of the "R/3" is

3.0D Basis 300
3.0E Basis 300
3.0F Basis 300
3.1H Basis 310
3.1I Basis 310
4.0B Basis 400
4.5B Basis 450
4.6C Basis 460
4.71 Basis 6.20
4.72 Basis 6.20
5.00 Basis 6.40 (ECC 5.0 - Enterprise Core components)
6.00 Basis 7.00 (ECC 6.0) - actually in RampUp

All of those have increased business functionality and interfaces to other systems (CRM, BW etc.)

What is mysap?

It's a term for all the systems that in a contract (e. g. a MySAP business suite consist of ERP2005, CRM2005, SRM2005).

What is the systems configuration required to implement SAP.. i.e for production,development and QAS servers the hard disk space, RAM, Processor

This also depends on what your are implementing, how many users will work on the system, how many records in what area are created etc.

We need a BIG database system and an even bigger application server for ~ 900 users and 12 languages.

What is ASAP?

It's an old term for an implementation strategy. Blueprint -> prototype -> goLive (if you want to say it in one sentence).

How should I set priority for Printing say like user, teamlead, project manager?

There's nothing like "priority" settings for spool processes. Just define more (profile parameter rdisp/wp_no_spool) processes so people don't need to wait.

Using Tc SGEN I have generated 74% job and later I have terminated the job. I wish to start generating from where it stopped I have refreshed but to no chance nothing was done. How should I further proceed so as to complete the remaining job..

Start SGEN again and select the same you have selected before. It will popup and ask if you want to start from scratch or generate the just the remaining.

SAP Administration Questions Answers

What is the use of profile paramater ztta/roll_area?

The value specifies the size of the roll area in bytes. The roll area is one of several memory areas, which satisfies the user requests of user programs. For technical reasons, however, the first 250 KB or so of a user context are always stored in the roll area, further data
- up to the roll area limit ztta/roll_first,
- in the extended memory, up to the limit ztta/roll_extension or if extended memory is exhausted, then
- again in the roll area, until the roll area is full, then
- in the local process area, up to the limit abap/heap_area_dia or abap/heap_area_total or until the address space or the
swap space is exhausted.

Followed by termination with errors like STORAGE_PARAMETERS_WRONG_SET an error code, that points to memory bottleneck Minimum data transfer with context change; however, the increase helps to avoid problems (address space, swap space, operating system paging).

What is R/3? and what is basis version?

SAP Basis:
- Provides the runtime environment for all SAP applications
- Optimally embeds the application in the system environment
- Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
- Contains the tools for administering the entire system
- Allows the distribution of resources and system components
- Provides interfaces for decentralized system parts and external products.

An R/3 instance is a group of R/3 services that are started and stopped as a unit (by an R/3 dispatcher) and have a common instance profile. The name of an R/3 instance is composed of letters standing for the relevant services, and an instance number which is unique for each computer. The services may be D, V, E, B, M, G, or S, which respectively stand for dialogue, update, enqueue, background, message, gateway, and spool services.

Tips by : Suresh Babu

I would like to know the version or name of SAP that is implemented in real time?

This is a very generic question and really depends on what you are implementing (modules).

The history of the "R/3" is

3.0D Basis 300
3.0E Basis 300
3.0F Basis 300
3.1H Basis 310
3.1I Basis 310
4.0B Basis 400
4.5B Basis 450
4.6C Basis 460
4.71 Basis 6.20
4.72 Basis 6.20
5.00 Basis 6.40 (ECC 5.0 - Enterprise Core components)
6.00 Basis 7.00 (ECC 6.0) - actually in RampUp

All of those have increased business functionality and interfaces to other systems (CRM, BW etc.)

What is mysap?

It's a term for all the systems that in a contract (e. g. a MySAP business suite consist of ERP2005, CRM2005, SRM2005).

What is the systems configuration required to implement SAP.. i.e for production,development and QAS servers the hard disk space, RAM, Processor

This also depends on what your are implementing, how many users will work on the system, how many records in what area are created etc.

We need a BIG database system and an even bigger application server for ~ 900 users and 12 languages.

What is ASAP?

It's an old term for an implementation strategy. Blueprint -> prototype -> goLive (if you want to say it in one sentence).

How should I set priority for Printing say like user, teamlead, project manager?

There's nothing like "priority" settings for spool processes. Just define more (profile parameter rdisp/wp_no_spool) processes so people don't need to wait.

Using Tc SGEN I have generated 74% job and later I have terminated the job. I wish to start generating from where it stopped I have refreshed but to no chance nothing was done. How should I further proceed so as to complete the remaining job..

Start SGEN again and select the same you have selected before. It will popup and ask if you want to start from scratch or generate the just the remaining.

SAP Basis FAQ

Automatic CTS

Even though SAP does not recommend automatic imports, it is the most practical way of moving transports from a development system to a QA environment or to a special development system (although I wouldn't recommend auto imports to a production system for obvious reasons).

There are various methods for doing this. The most effective and simple method is using an OS script (shell/perl etc.) scheduled using cron for user sidadm. There are a couple of steps you need to take before setting up automatic imports.

1. Your entire project team should agree upon the overall strategy, frequency of imports etc.
2. Resolve any issues with transport approvals (many shops don't care about traffic between DEV and QA)
3. Who is responsible for watching for errors and corrective actions (an email to the developer works in this case)

Configuring outbound SAP to Internet mail Gateway (R/3 4.0 and above)

Step 1 (UNIX SETUP)
Logon to your as sidadm
Change directory to /sapmnt/SID/global (or any directory globally available across all application servers)
Create the following entries in file SAP_EMAIL_GATEWAY.sh and save the file

#!/bin/sh
GWCONFIG=/sapmnt/SID/global/SAP_EMAIL_GATEWAY.cfg
export GWCONFIG
/sapmnt/SID/exe/mlunxsnd $*

Execute the command: mlosmadm SAP_EMAIL_GATEWAY.cfg (enter the following information)

System name : SID
Client : 200
Username : MAILADM
Password : initpass
Language : E
Loadbalancing : Y
Message Server :
Group name : LOGON GROUP1
Using SAPROUTER : N
Trace Level (inBoound) : 0
Sendmail Command :
Codepage :
Trace Level (Outbound) : 0
Update file : Y

Step 2 (SAP SETUP)

Logon to SAPSYSTEM (SID) via SAPGUI
Transaction SU01, create user MAILADM and password initpass, usertype CPIC
Transaction SM59, Click Create

RFC Destination : SAP 4.5 INTERNET MAIL GATEWAY
Connection Type : T
Description : INTERNET EMAIL GATEWAY
Hit RETURN
Click EXPLICIT HOST
Enter /sapmnt/P21/global/ SAP_EMAIL_GATEWAY.sh
Save your entries

Transaction SCOT, click Edit--> CREATE NODES

Node : EMAIL
Description : SAP CONNECT NODE FOR EMAIL (continue)
RFC DESTINATION: (choose SAP 4.5 INTERNET MAIL GATEWAY from the pull down menu)
Choose radio button Internet
Address area : *DOMAIN (your intranet domain)
Ccontinue
Format : DOC, DAT, R3F, TXT, RAW,PPT,XLS (continue)
Continue
Set further address types : N
Minimum waiting : 5 minutes
Check both Node is in use', Node can resolve path references
Continue
Choose Goto--> Schedule Background Job
Enter name for the job & save

Configuring outbound SAP to Internet mail Gateway (Upto R/3 3.1I)

SAP can be configured to send and receive emails from different sources. This section explains how to integrate SAPOffice with an external email system. This is in no way supplementing the online documentation available on the online documentation CD supplied by SAP but simplyfies the process to the bare Internet email must be configured and running prior to this. Email from SAP is forwarded to the users external email client such as Eudora, Outlook etc.

You can configure inbound and outbound forwarding. Outbound flow forwards a SAP message (eg:update termination) via UNIX sendmail to the intended recepient. Inbound accepts a message from sendmail and places it in the users SAPOffice inbox. Many SAP shops prefer to configure outbound only.

Configuring outbound forwarding

SAP configuration

1. Create your RFC destination for outbound email using transaction SM59

RFC Destination         :  SAP_INTERNET_GATEWAY
Connection Type         : T
Description             : SAP internet mail gateway
Click on 'Explicit Host' if you want on demand gateway dameon invocation.
Program                 : /sapmnt/SID/exe/mlunxsnd
Target Host             : Enter hostname that runs your central instance.
Click 'Test Connection' and you should see a successfull message.

2. Choose menu Tools-->Administration-->Management-->Process Technology-->Office-->Office Settings
3. Click Internet Gateway

Gateway Destination             : SAP_INTERNET_GATEWAY
Path for configuration file     : /sapmnt/SID/exe/sap_mailSID.cfg
Return Address                  : .com

5. Click Internet Settings and fill in the following fields
6. Save the settings
7. Click Back
8. Choose menu Office-->Addresses-->Communication Types
9. Type in INT over the Comm. type and Internet Mail over description.
10. . Check Maintain and Send checkboxes and Save your entries.







UNIX configuration

11. . cd /sapmnt/SID/exe
12. 
    

.mlosadm sap_mailSID.cfg
Client 000
Username : MAILADM
Password  : MAILADM
Language : E
System name : SID
System number : 
Hostname  : 
Gateway hostname: 
Gateway server sapgw
Sendmail Command : 
Update file : Y   

Testing

1. Logon to SAP
2. Execute transaction SO01
3. Write a message and send it to

If you don't see the mail in your internet mailbox, go back and review steps 1-12

FTP from ABAP

There are 2 ways of executing FTP from an ABAP (online or batch mode),

	Initiated from the operating system. A script is available in the utility repository that explains how to do this very easily.
	Initiated from the ABAP itself An example is given below.

1. Create a logical OS command 'zftp' using transaction SM69. Make sure that you enable 'comand line parameter allowed' checkbox
2. Create a shell script called 'zftp' with the following lines

RMTHOST=`echo $2 | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
ftp -v $RMTHOST <<> /out/zftp.$$ 2>&1
lcd /out
put $1
bye
EOF

3. Use the SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE function module to call this script (zftp) with the filename you want to transfer as the parameter. Eg:

call function 'SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE'
exporting
commandname =
tables
exec_protocol =
exceptions
no_permission = 1
command_not_found = 2
parameters_too_long = 3
...

Enable web based online documentaion (R/3 4.0 or above)

1. Install Netscape webserver or use an existing web server (requires administrators privelege)
2. Create a directory called SAPDOCS4 under your web server document root.
3. Mount the CDROM containing online documentation on your PC or your UNIX server.
4. Recursively copy all files under /cdrom/docs/ to the SAPDOC4 directory under the web server root.
5. Create the following entries in your /usr/sap/SID/SYS/profile/DEFAULT.PFL

eu/iwb/installed_languages = EN
eu/iwb/help_type=2
eu/iwb/server_win32=webserver.domain.com
eu/iwb/path_win32=saphelp/helpdata

6. Restart your SAP system

How to access an external database from ABAP via DBLINK (ORACLE)

1. Using transaction SE11, create a table (ZTABLE) with the same fields as the table in the external database, make sure that the type and lengths of the fields are identical.
2. Using transaction SE11, create a view (ZTABLE_VIEW, projection view) using BASIS table ZTABLE
3. Using SVRMGRL>

create dblink REMOTE_DB as connect to remote_user identified by password; (database link created)
drop table ZTABLE; (table dropped)
create synonym ZTABLE for ZTABLE@REMOTE_DB; (synonym created)

4. Using transaction SE16 , type in ZTABLE_VIEW and hit RETURN
5. Enter value in key fields and hit execute. (displays rows from the remote table)

Tips and Tricks

1. To see the complete text of an error/warning message on the SAPGUI status bar, right click on the message and drag left.
2. To prevent your spool requests getting deleted from the BASIS cleanup jobs, you need to uncheck the Delete after print checkbox in the print control screen, execute transaction SP01, find your spool#, click on Attributes and change the Delete After date
3. Short cuts using the OK-code box.